std

Returns the standard deviation of the values in this DataColumn, as a Double.

All primitive number types are supported: Byte, Short, Int, Long, Float, and Double. "Mixed" Number input is supported too, as long as it consists solely of those primitive numbers; its values are then first converted to their common type using UnifiedNumberTypeOptions.PRIMITIVES_ONLY, see number unification. Big numbers (BigInteger, BigDecimal) are not supported; convert them to a primitive number type first.

null values in the input are always ignored.

If the input contains NaN values, the result will be NaN, unless skipNaN is set to true.

The resulting standard deviation is always a Double and never null. Converting Long values to Double may lose precision for very large values.

For more information about the resulting types: See "std Type Conversion" on the documentation website.

When there is nothing to compute the standard deviation of, for instance, when the input is empty or contains only null values, the result is Double.NaN. The same holds when there are no more than ddof values, so, by default, for a single value.

See also:

• stdOf — the standard deviation of the values an expression returns for each element.

• mean — the mean of the values in this column.

• The Std Operation — an overview of all std modes.

For more information: See std on the documentation website.

Example

// The standard deviation of all ages in the "age" Int column
df.age.std()
// The population standard deviation of all weights in the "weight" `Double?` column
df.weight.std(ddof = 0)

Parameters

Returns the standard deviation of the values of each suitable column of this DataFrame separately.

All columns of a primitive number type (and all "mixed" Number columns) are taken into account; the other columns are simply left out of the result.

Columns inside column groups are also excluded. To include those in the standard deviation, flatten the DataFrame first.

All primitive number types are supported: Byte, Short, Int, Long, Float, and Double. "Mixed" Number input is supported too, as long as it consists solely of those primitive numbers; its values are then first converted to their common type using UnifiedNumberTypeOptions.PRIMITIVES_ONLY, see number unification. Big numbers (BigInteger, BigDecimal) are not supported; convert them to a primitive number type first.

null values in the input are always ignored.

If the input contains NaN values, the result will be NaN, unless skipNaN is set to true.

The resulting standard deviation is always a Double and never null. Converting Long values to Double may lose precision for very large values.

For more information about the resulting types: See "std Type Conversion" on the documentation website.

Result cells for which there is nothing to compute the standard deviation of (for instance, because the input was empty or contained only null values) simply become Double.NaN. The same holds when there are no more than ddof values, so, by default, for a single value.

See also:

• stdFor — the same, but for an explicit selection of columns.

• std{ columns } — a single standard deviation of all values in the selected columns.

• mean() — the mean of each column.

• The Std Operation — an overview of all std modes.

For more information: See std on the documentation website.

Example

// A single row with the standard deviation of each number column ("age" and "weight")
df.std()

Parameters

Returns a single standard deviation of all the values in the selected columns of this DataFrame, as a Double.

All primitive number types are supported: Byte, Short, Int, Long, Float, and Double. "Mixed" Number input is supported too, as long as it consists solely of those primitive numbers; its values are then first converted to their common type using UnifiedNumberTypeOptions.PRIMITIVES_ONLY, see number unification. Big numbers (BigInteger, BigDecimal) are not supported; convert them to a primitive number type first.

null values in the input are always ignored.

If the input contains NaN values, the result will be NaN, unless skipNaN is set to true.

The resulting standard deviation is always a Double and never null. Converting Long values to Double may lose precision for very large values.

For more information about the resulting types: See "std Type Conversion" on the documentation website.

When there is nothing to compute the standard deviation of, for instance, when the input is empty or contains only null values, the result is Double.NaN. The same holds when there are no more than ddof values, so, by default, for a single value.

See also:

• stdFor — the standard deviation of each selected column separately.

• stdOf — the standard deviation of the values a row expression returns for each row.

• mean{ columns } — the mean of means of the selected columns.

• The Std Operation — an overview of all std modes.

For more information: See std on the documentation website.

Select or express columns using the Columns Selection DSL.

This DSL is initiated by a Columns Selector lambda, which operates in the context of the Columns Selection DSL and expects you to return a SingleColumn or ColumnSet (so, a ColumnsResolver). This is an entity formed by calling any (combination) of the functions in the DSL that is or can be resolved into one or more columns.

The Columns Selection DSL allows using Extension Properties for specifying columns type- and name-safe.

Check out: Columns Selection DSL Grammar

See Column Selectors on the documentation website.

Example

// The standard deviation of all values in the "age" and "weight" columns together
df.std { age and weight }

Parameters

Returns a single standard deviation of all the values in the selected columns of this DataFrame, as a Double.

All primitive number types are supported: Byte, Short, Int, Long, Float, and Double. "Mixed" Number input is supported too, as long as it consists solely of those primitive numbers; its values are then first converted to their common type using UnifiedNumberTypeOptions.PRIMITIVES_ONLY, see number unification. Big numbers (BigInteger, BigDecimal) are not supported; convert them to a primitive number type first.

null values in the input are always ignored.

If the input contains NaN values, the result will be NaN, unless skipNaN is set to true.

The resulting standard deviation is always a Double and never null. Converting Long values to Double may lose precision for very large values.

For more information about the resulting types: See "std Type Conversion" on the documentation website.

When there is nothing to compute the standard deviation of, for instance, when the input is empty or contains only null values, the result is Double.NaN. The same holds when there are no more than ddof values, so, by default, for a single value.

See also:

• stdFor — the standard deviation of each selected column separately.

• stdOf — the standard deviation of the values a row expression returns for each row.

• mean(columns) — the mean of means of the selected columns.

• The Std Operation — an overview of all std modes.

For more information: See std on the documentation website.

Select single or multiple columns using their names as Strings. (String API).

Example

// The standard deviation of all values in the "age" and "weight" columns together
df.std("age", "weight")

Parameters

Aggregates this GroupBy by computing the standard deviation of the values of each suitable column separately, per group.

Returns a new DataFrame with one row per group, containing the group key columns and a column with the standard deviation for each suitable column.

All columns of a primitive number type (and all "mixed" Number columns) are taken into account; the other columns are simply left out of the result.

Columns inside column groups are also excluded. To include those in the standard deviation, flatten the DataFrame first.

All primitive number types are supported: Byte, Short, Int, Long, Float, and Double. "Mixed" Number input is supported too, as long as it consists solely of those primitive numbers; its values are then first converted to their common type using UnifiedNumberTypeOptions.PRIMITIVES_ONLY, see number unification. Big numbers (BigInteger, BigDecimal) are not supported; convert them to a primitive number type first.

null values in the input are always ignored.

If the input contains NaN values, the result will be NaN, unless skipNaN is set to true.

The resulting standard deviation is always a Double and never null. Converting Long values to Double may lose precision for very large values.

For more information about the resulting types: See "std Type Conversion" on the documentation website.

Result cells for which there is nothing to compute the standard deviation of (for instance, because the input was empty or contained only null values) simply become Double.NaN. The same holds when there are no more than ddof values, so, by default, for a single value.

See also:

• stdFor — the same, but for an explicit selection of columns.

• std{ columns } — a single standard deviation of all values in the selected columns, per group.

• mean() — the mean of each column, per group.

• aggregate — the general way to aggregate groups.

• The Std Operation — an overview of all std modes.

For more information: See "groupBy statistics" on the documentation website., and See "GroupBy Aggregation Statistics" on the documentation website.

Example

// For each city, the standard deviation of each number column ("age" and "weight")
df.groupBy { city }.std()

Parameters

Aggregates this GroupBy by computing a single standard deviation of all the values in the selected columns, per group.

Returns a new DataFrame with one row per group, containing the group key columns and a single column with the standard deviation per group. That column is named name, or, if name is null, after the selected column if exactly one column is selected, and "std" otherwise.

All primitive number types are supported: Byte, Short, Int, Long, Float, and Double. "Mixed" Number input is supported too, as long as it consists solely of those primitive numbers; its values are then first converted to their common type using UnifiedNumberTypeOptions.PRIMITIVES_ONLY, see number unification. Big numbers (BigInteger, BigDecimal) are not supported; convert them to a primitive number type first.

null values in the input are always ignored.

If the input contains NaN values, the result will be NaN, unless skipNaN is set to true.

The resulting standard deviation is always a Double and never null. Converting Long values to Double may lose precision for very large values.

For more information about the resulting types: See "std Type Conversion" on the documentation website.

Result cells for which there is nothing to compute the standard deviation of (for instance, because the input was empty or contained only null values) simply become Double.NaN. The same holds when there are no more than ddof values, so, by default, for a single value.

See Selecting Columns.

See also:

• stdFor — the standard deviation of each selected column separately, per group.

• stdOf — the standard deviation of the values a row expression returns for each row of a group.

• aggregate — the general way to aggregate groups.

• The Std Operation — an overview of all std modes.

For more information: See "groupBy statistics" on the documentation website., and See "GroupBy Aggregation Statistics" on the documentation website.

Example

// For each city, the standard deviation of all values in the "age" and "weight" columns,
// in a column called "deviation"
df.groupBy { city }.std("deviation") { age and weight }

Parameters

Aggregates this GroupBy by computing a single standard deviation of all the values in the selected columns, per group.

Returns a new DataFrame with one row per group, containing the group key columns and a single column with the standard deviation per group. That column is named name, or, if name is null, after the selected column if exactly one column is selected, and "std" otherwise.

All primitive number types are supported: Byte, Short, Int, Long, Float, and Double. "Mixed" Number input is supported too, as long as it consists solely of those primitive numbers; its values are then first converted to their common type using UnifiedNumberTypeOptions.PRIMITIVES_ONLY, see number unification. Big numbers (BigInteger, BigDecimal) are not supported; convert them to a primitive number type first.

null values in the input are always ignored.

If the input contains NaN values, the result will be NaN, unless skipNaN is set to true.

The resulting standard deviation is always a Double and never null. Converting Long values to Double may lose precision for very large values.

For more information about the resulting types: See "std Type Conversion" on the documentation website.

Result cells for which there is nothing to compute the standard deviation of (for instance, because the input was empty or contained only null values) simply become Double.NaN. The same holds when there are no more than ddof values, so, by default, for a single value.

See Selecting Columns.

See also:

• stdFor — the standard deviation of each selected column separately, per group.

• stdOf — the standard deviation of the values a row expression returns for each row of a group.

• aggregate — the general way to aggregate groups.

• The Std Operation — an overview of all std modes.

For more information: See "groupBy statistics" on the documentation website., and See "GroupBy Aggregation Statistics" on the documentation website.

Example

// For each city, the standard deviation of all values in the "age" and "weight" columns,
// in a column called "deviation"
df.groupBy { city }.std("age", "weight", name = "deviation")

Parameters

Aggregates this Pivot by computing the standard deviation of the values of each suitable column separately, per group.

Returns a single DataRow with the pivot keys as (nested) columns, containing the standard deviation of each suitable column of the corresponding group.

All columns of a primitive number type (and all "mixed" Number columns) are taken into account; the other columns are simply left out of the result.

Columns inside column groups are also excluded. To include those in the standard deviation, flatten the DataFrame first.

All primitive number types are supported: Byte, Short, Int, Long, Float, and Double. "Mixed" Number input is supported too, as long as it consists solely of those primitive numbers; its values are then first converted to their common type using UnifiedNumberTypeOptions.PRIMITIVES_ONLY, see number unification. Big numbers (BigInteger, BigDecimal) are not supported; convert them to a primitive number type first.

null values in the input are always ignored.

If the input contains NaN values, the result will be NaN, unless skipNaN is set to true.

The resulting standard deviation is always a Double and never null. Converting Long values to Double may lose precision for very large values.

For more information about the resulting types: See "std Type Conversion" on the documentation website.

Result cells for which there is nothing to compute the standard deviation of (for instance, because the input was empty or contained only null values) simply become Double.NaN. The same holds when there are no more than ddof values, so, by default, for a single value.

Check out the Pivot Grammar.

See also:

• stdFor — the same, but for an explicit selection of columns.

• std{ columns } — a single standard deviation of all values in the selected columns, per group.

• Pivot aggregation — all other ways to aggregate a Pivot.

• The Std Operation — an overview of all std modes.

For more information: See "pivot statistics" on the documentation website., and See "Pivot Aggregation statistics" on the documentation website.

Example

// For each city, the standard deviation of each number column ("age" and "weight")
df.pivot { city }.std()

Parameters

Aggregates this Pivot by computing a single standard deviation of all the values in the selected columns, per group.

Returns a single DataRow with the pivot keys as (nested) columns, containing the standard deviation of all the values in the selected columns of the corresponding group.

All primitive number types are supported: Byte, Short, Int, Long, Float, and Double. "Mixed" Number input is supported too, as long as it consists solely of those primitive numbers; its values are then first converted to their common type using UnifiedNumberTypeOptions.PRIMITIVES_ONLY, see number unification. Big numbers (BigInteger, BigDecimal) are not supported; convert them to a primitive number type first.

null values in the input are always ignored.

If the input contains NaN values, the result will be NaN, unless skipNaN is set to true.

The resulting standard deviation is always a Double and never null. Converting Long values to Double may lose precision for very large values.

For more information about the resulting types: See "std Type Conversion" on the documentation website.

Result cells for which there is nothing to compute the standard deviation of (for instance, because the input was empty or contained only null values) simply become Double.NaN. The same holds when there are no more than ddof values, so, by default, for a single value.

See Selecting Columns, or check out the Pivot Grammar.

See also:

• std() — the standard deviation of each suitable column separately, per group.

• stdFor — the standard deviation of each selected column separately, per group.

• Pivot aggregation — all other ways to aggregate a Pivot.

• The Std Operation — an overview of all std modes.

For more information: See "pivot statistics" on the documentation website., and See "Pivot Aggregation statistics" on the documentation website.

Example

// For each city, the standard deviation of all values in the "age" and "weight" columns
df.pivot { city }.std { age and weight }

Parameters

Aggregates this Pivot by computing a single standard deviation of all the values in the selected columns, per group.

Returns a single DataRow with the pivot keys as (nested) columns, containing the standard deviation of all the values in the selected columns of the corresponding group.

All primitive number types are supported: Byte, Short, Int, Long, Float, and Double. "Mixed" Number input is supported too, as long as it consists solely of those primitive numbers; its values are then first converted to their common type using UnifiedNumberTypeOptions.PRIMITIVES_ONLY, see number unification. Big numbers (BigInteger, BigDecimal) are not supported; convert them to a primitive number type first.

null values in the input are always ignored.

If the input contains NaN values, the result will be NaN, unless skipNaN is set to true.

The resulting standard deviation is always a Double and never null. Converting Long values to Double may lose precision for very large values.

For more information about the resulting types: See "std Type Conversion" on the documentation website.

Result cells for which there is nothing to compute the standard deviation of (for instance, because the input was empty or contained only null values) simply become Double.NaN. The same holds when there are no more than ddof values, so, by default, for a single value.

See Selecting Columns, or check out the Pivot Grammar.

See also:

• std() — the standard deviation of each suitable column separately, per group.

• stdFor — the standard deviation of each selected column separately, per group.

• Pivot aggregation — all other ways to aggregate a Pivot.

• The Std Operation — an overview of all std modes.

For more information: See "pivot statistics" on the documentation website., and See "Pivot Aggregation statistics" on the documentation website.

Example

// For each city, the standard deviation of all values in the "age" and "weight" columns
df.pivot { city }.std("age", "weight")

Parameters

Aggregates this PivotGroupBy by computing the standard deviation of the values of each suitable column separately, per group.

Returns a DataFrame where each cell contains the standard deviation of each suitable column of the group corresponding to that pivot key (column) and groupBy key (row).

All columns of a primitive number type (and all "mixed" Number columns) are taken into account; the other columns are simply left out of the result.

Columns inside column groups are also excluded. To include those in the standard deviation, flatten the DataFrame first.

All primitive number types are supported: Byte, Short, Int, Long, Float, and Double. "Mixed" Number input is supported too, as long as it consists solely of those primitive numbers; its values are then first converted to their common type using UnifiedNumberTypeOptions.PRIMITIVES_ONLY, see number unification. Big numbers (BigInteger, BigDecimal) are not supported; convert them to a primitive number type first.

null values in the input are always ignored.

If the input contains NaN values, the result will be NaN, unless skipNaN is set to true.

The resulting standard deviation is always a Double and never null. Converting Long values to Double may lose precision for very large values.

For more information about the resulting types: See "std Type Conversion" on the documentation website.

Result cells for which there exists a group, but there is nothing to compute the standard deviation of (for instance, because the group was empty or contained only null values) simply become Double.NaN. The same holds when there are no more than ddof values, so, by default, for a single value.

For empty pivot intersections, null or the set default is used.

Check out the PivotGroupBy Grammar.

See also:

• stdFor — the same, but for an explicit selection of columns.

• std{ columns } — a single standard deviation of all values in the selected columns, per group.

• PivotGroupBy aggregation — all other ways to aggregate a PivotGroupBy.

• The Std Operation — an overview of all std modes.

For more information: See "pivot statistics" on the documentation website., and See "Pivot Aggregation statistics" on the documentation website.

Example

// Per city and last name, the standard deviation of each number column ("age" and "weight")
df.pivot { city }.groupBy { name.lastName }.std()

Parameters

Aggregates this PivotGroupBy by computing a single standard deviation of all the values in the selected columns, per group.

Returns a DataFrame where each cell contains the standard deviation of all the values in the selected columns of the group corresponding to that pivot key (column) and groupBy key (row).

All primitive number types are supported: Byte, Short, Int, Long, Float, and Double. "Mixed" Number input is supported too, as long as it consists solely of those primitive numbers; its values are then first converted to their common type using UnifiedNumberTypeOptions.PRIMITIVES_ONLY, see number unification. Big numbers (BigInteger, BigDecimal) are not supported; convert them to a primitive number type first.

null values in the input are always ignored.

If the input contains NaN values, the result will be NaN, unless skipNaN is set to true.

The resulting standard deviation is always a Double and never null. Converting Long values to Double may lose precision for very large values.

For more information about the resulting types: See "std Type Conversion" on the documentation website.

Result cells for which there exists a group, but there is nothing to compute the standard deviation of (for instance, because the group was empty or contained only null values) simply become Double.NaN. The same holds when there are no more than ddof values, so, by default, for a single value.

For empty pivot intersections, null or the set default is used.

See Selecting Columns, or check out the PivotGroupBy Grammar.

See also:

• std() — the standard deviation of each suitable column separately, per group.

• stdFor — the standard deviation of each selected column separately, per group.

• PivotGroupBy aggregation — all other ways to aggregate a PivotGroupBy.

• The Std Operation — an overview of all std modes.

For more information: See "pivot statistics" on the documentation website., and See "Pivot Aggregation statistics" on the documentation website.

Example

// Per city and last name, the standard deviation of all values in the "age" and "weight" columns
df.pivot { city }.groupBy { name.lastName }.std { age and weight }

Parameters

Aggregates this PivotGroupBy by computing a single standard deviation of all the values in the selected columns, per group.

Returns a DataFrame where each cell contains the standard deviation of all the values in the selected columns of the group corresponding to that pivot key (column) and groupBy key (row).

All primitive number types are supported: Byte, Short, Int, Long, Float, and Double. "Mixed" Number input is supported too, as long as it consists solely of those primitive numbers; its values are then first converted to their common type using UnifiedNumberTypeOptions.PRIMITIVES_ONLY, see number unification. Big numbers (BigInteger, BigDecimal) are not supported; convert them to a primitive number type first.

null values in the input are always ignored.

If the input contains NaN values, the result will be NaN, unless skipNaN is set to true.

The resulting standard deviation is always a Double and never null. Converting Long values to Double may lose precision for very large values.

For more information about the resulting types: See "std Type Conversion" on the documentation website.

Result cells for which there exists a group, but there is nothing to compute the standard deviation of (for instance, because the group was empty or contained only null values) simply become Double.NaN. The same holds when there are no more than ddof values, so, by default, for a single value.

For empty pivot intersections, null or the set default is used.

See Selecting Columns, or check out the PivotGroupBy Grammar.

See also:

• std() — the standard deviation of each suitable column separately, per group.

• stdFor — the standard deviation of each selected column separately, per group.

• PivotGroupBy aggregation — all other ways to aggregate a PivotGroupBy.

• The Std Operation — an overview of all std modes.

For more information: See "pivot statistics" on the documentation website., and See "Pivot Aggregation statistics" on the documentation website.

Example

// Per city and last name, the standard deviation of all values in the "age" and "weight" columns
df.pivot { city }.groupBy { name.lastName }.std("age", "weight")

Parameters