KtCallElement¶

interface KtCallElement : KtElement, KtResolvableCall

Represents an element with call syntax: a callee together with type arguments and value arguments.

This is the common base type for call-shaped nodes such as KtCallExpression (a function call), KtAnnotationEntry (an annotation application), KtSuperTypeCallEntry (a superclass constructor call), and KtConstructorDelegationCall (a this(...)/super(...) delegation).

Inheritors¶

Companion properties¶

`ARRAY_FACTORY`¶

val ARRAY_FACTORY: ArrayFactory<PsiElement>

`EMPTY_ARRAY`¶

val EMPTY_ARRAY: Array<PsiElement>

`EMPTY_NAVIGATABLE_ARRAY`¶

val EMPTY_NAVIGATABLE_ARRAY: Array<Navigatable>

`EMPTY_NAVIGATABLE_ELEMENT_ARRAY`¶

val EMPTY_NAVIGATABLE_ELEMENT_ARRAY: Array<NavigatablePsiElement>

`EMPTY_NAVIGATION_ITEM_ARRAY`¶

val EMPTY_NAVIGATION_ITEM_ARRAY: Array<NavigationItem>

`ICON_FLAG_FAST_ONLY`¶

val ICON_FLAG_FAST_ONLY: Int = -2147483648

`ICON_FLAG_READ_STATUS`¶

val ICON_FLAG_READ_STATUS: Int = 2

`ICON_FLAG_VISIBILITY`¶

val ICON_FLAG_VISIBILITY: Int = 1

Properties¶

`allChildren`¶

val PsiElement.allChildren: PsiChildRange

The range of all direct children of this element, or an empty range if it has none.

`endOffset`¶

val PsiElement.endOffset: Int

The offset just past the end of this element's text range in the file.

`nextLeafs`¶

val PsiElement.nextLeafs: Sequence<PsiElement>

The following leaf elements as a lazy sequence, nearest first.

`parents`¶

val PsiElement.parents: Sequence<PsiElement>

The ancestors of this element, from its immediate parent up to and including the containing file.

`parentsWithSelf`¶

val PsiElement.parentsWithSelf: Sequence<PsiElement>

This element and its ancestors, from the element itself up to and including the containing file.

`prevLeafs`¶

val PsiElement.prevLeafs: Sequence<PsiElement>

The preceding leaf elements as a lazy sequence, nearest first.

`pureEndOffset`¶

val KtPureElement.pureEndOffset: Int

The end offset of this element's source.

`pureStartOffset`¶

val KtPureElement.pureStartOffset: Int

The start offset of this element's source, excluding any leading comments.

`startOffset`¶

val PsiElement.startOffset: Int

The offset of the start of this element's text range in the file.

`startOffsetSkippingComments`¶

val PsiElement.startOffsetSkippingComments: Int

The start offset of this element, skipping leading comments and the whitespace that follows them.

`textRangeWithoutComments`¶

val PsiElement.textRangeWithoutComments: TextRange

The text range of this element excluding any leading comments.

Functions¶

`accept`¶

abstract fun accept(p: @NotNull PsiElementVisitor)

abstract fun <R, D> accept(visitor: KtVisitor<R, D>, data: D): R

Dispatches this element to the corresponding visit* method of the given visitor and returns its result.

`acceptChildren`¶

abstract fun acceptChildren(p: @NotNull PsiElementVisitor)

abstract fun <D> acceptChildren(visitor: KtVisitor<Void, D>, data: D)

Passes each direct child of this element to the given visitor.

`add`¶

abstract fun add(p: @NotNull PsiElement): PsiElement

`addAfter`¶

abstract fun addAfter(p: @NotNull PsiElement, p1: @Nullable PsiElement): PsiElement

`addBefore`¶

abstract fun addBefore(p: @NotNull PsiElement, p1: @Nullable PsiElement): PsiElement

`addRange`¶

abstract fun addRange(p: PsiElement, p1: PsiElement): PsiElement

`addRangeAfter`¶

abstract fun addRangeAfter(
    p: PsiElement, 
    p1: PsiElement, 
    p2: PsiElement
): PsiElement

`addRangeBefore`¶

abstract fun addRangeBefore(
    p: @NotNull PsiElement, 
    p1: @NotNull PsiElement, 
    p2: PsiElement
): PsiElement

`anyDescendantOfType`¶

inline fun <reified T : PsiElement> PsiElement.anyDescendantOfType(noinline predicate: (T) -> Boolean = { true }): Boolean

Returns true if this element or any descendant of type T satisfies predicate.

inline fun <reified T : PsiElement> PsiElement.anyDescendantOfType(crossinline canGoInside: (PsiElement) -> Boolean, noinline predicate: (T) -> Boolean = { true }): Boolean

Returns true if this element or any descendant of type T satisfies predicate. canGoInside controls traversal into children but does not prevent the current element from being tested.

`before`¶

fun PsiElement.before(element: PsiElement): Boolean

Returns true if this element ends at or before element starts (that is, it precedes element in the file).

`blockExpressionsOrSingle`¶

fun KtElement.blockExpressionsOrSingle(): Sequence<KtElement>

Returns the statements of this element if it is a block, otherwise a single-element sequence of this element.

`canNavigate`¶

open fun canNavigate(): Boolean

`canNavigateToSource`¶

open fun canNavigateToSource(): Boolean

`checkAdd`¶

abstract fun checkAdd(p: @NotNull PsiElement)

`checkDecompiledText`¶

fun PsiElement.checkDecompiledText()

Throws if this element belongs to a compiled file that is backed by a stub. Loading decompiled text is slow and should be avoided; stubs should be used instead. Called by the descendant-traversal helpers as a guard.

`checkDelete`¶

abstract fun checkDelete()

`collectDescendantsOfType`¶

inline fun <reified T : PsiElement> PsiElement.collectDescendantsOfType(noinline predicate: (T) -> Boolean = { true }): List<T>

Collects this element and all descendants of type T satisfying predicate into a list in post-order.

inline fun <reified T : PsiElement> PsiElement.collectDescendantsOfType(crossinline canGoInside: (PsiElement) -> Boolean, noinline predicate: (T) -> Boolean = { true }): List<T>

Collects this element and all descendants of type T satisfying predicate into a list in post-order. canGoInside controls traversal into children but does not prevent the current element from being collected.

`collectDescendantsOfTypeTo`¶

inline fun <reified T : PsiElement, C : MutableCollection<T>> PsiElement.collectDescendantsOfTypeTo(
    to: C, 
    crossinline canGoInside: (PsiElement) -> Boolean, 
    noinline predicate: (T) -> Boolean = { true }
): C

Adds this element and all descendants of type T satisfying predicate to to in post-order. canGoInside controls traversal into children but does not prevent the current element from being added.

`containingClass`¶

fun KtElement.containingClass(): KtClass?

Returns the nearest enclosing KtClass, or null if there is none.

`copy`¶

abstract fun copy(): PsiElement

`delete`¶

abstract fun delete()

`deleteChildRange`¶

abstract fun deleteChildRange(p: PsiElement, p1: PsiElement)

`findDescendantOfType`¶

inline fun <reified T : PsiElement> PsiElement.findDescendantOfType(noinline predicate: (T) -> Boolean = { true }): T?

Returns the first element of type T in a pre-order traversal of this element and its descendants that satisfies predicate, or null if there is none.

inline fun <reified T : PsiElement> PsiElement.findDescendantOfType(crossinline canGoInside: (PsiElement) -> Boolean, noinline predicate: (T) -> Boolean = { true }): T?

Returns the first element of type T in a pre-order traversal of this element and its descendants that satisfies predicate, or null. canGoInside controls traversal into children but does not prevent the current element from being tested.

`findElementAt`¶

abstract fun findElementAt(p: Int): @Nullable PsiElement

`findReferenceAt`¶

abstract fun findReferenceAt(p: Int): @Nullable PsiReference

`forEachDescendantOfType`¶

inline fun <reified T : PsiElement> PsiElement.forEachDescendantOfType(noinline action: (T) -> Unit)

Applies action to this element and every descendant of type T, in post-order (children before parents).

inline fun <reified T : PsiElement> PsiElement.forEachDescendantOfType(crossinline canGoInside: (PsiElement) -> Boolean, noinline action: (T) -> Unit)

Applies action to this element and every descendant of type T, in post-order. canGoInside controls whether each visited element's children are traversed; the element itself is still passed to action when it is a T, even if canGoInside returns false for it.

`forEachDescendantOfTypeInPreorder`¶

inline fun <reified T : PsiElement> PsiElement.forEachDescendantOfTypeInPreorder(noinline action: (T) -> Unit)

Applies action to this element and every descendant of type T, in pre-order (parents before children).

inline fun <reified T : PsiElement> PsiElement.forEachDescendantOfTypeInPreorder(crossinline canGoInside: (PsiElement) -> Boolean, noinline action: (T) -> Unit)

Applies action to this element and every descendant of type T, in pre-order. canGoInside controls whether each visited element's children are traversed; the element itself is still passed to action when it is a T, even if canGoInside returns false for it.

`getAssignmentLhsIfUnwrappable`¶

fun PsiElement.getAssignmentLhsIfUnwrappable(): PsiElement?

Returns the operand this operation applies to, but only when that operand is wrapped in parentheses, a label, or annotations; returns null otherwise.

getCalleeExpression¶

@Nullable
abstract fun getCalleeExpression(): KtExpression

Returns the callee, that is, the expression that denotes what is being called, or null if it is absent in incomplete code.

`getCallNameExpression`¶

fun KtCallElement.getCallNameExpression(): KtSimpleNameExpression?

Returns the simple-name reference of this call's callee (its function or constructor name), or null.

`getChildOfType`¶

inline fun <reified T : PsiElement> PsiElement.getChildOfType(): T?

Returns the first direct child of type T, or null if there is none.

`getChildren`¶

abstract fun getChildren(): @NotNull Array<@NotNull PsiElement>

`getChildrenOfType`¶

inline fun <reified T : PsiElement> PsiElement.getChildrenOfType(): Array<T>

Returns the direct children of type T, or an empty array if there are none.

`getContainingFile`¶

abstract fun getContainingFile(): PsiFile

getContainingKtFile¶

@NotNull
abstract fun getContainingKtFile(): KtFile

Returns the KtFile this element belongs to.

`getContext`¶

abstract fun getContext(): @Nullable PsiElement

`getCopyableUserData`¶

abstract fun <T> getCopyableUserData(p: @NotNull Key<T>): @Nullable T

`getElementTextWithContext`¶

fun PsiElement.getElementTextWithContext(): String

Returns this element's text with surrounding source context, for use in diagnostics and log messages.

`getExplicitReceiverOfDotQualified`¶

fun PsiElement.getExplicitReceiverOfDotQualified(): PsiElement?

Returns the source of the explicit receiver if this element is a dot-qualified expression, or null otherwise.

`getFirstChild`¶

abstract fun getFirstChild(): PsiElement

`getIcon`¶

abstract fun getIcon(p: Int): Icon

getLambdaArguments¶

@NotNull
abstract fun getLambdaArguments(): List<KtLambdaArgument>

Returns the trailing lambda arguments written outside the parentheses. Normally there is at most one; a longer list only occurs in erroneous code. Returns an empty list if there are none.

`getLanguage`¶

abstract fun getLanguage(): @NotNull Language

`getLastChild`¶

abstract fun getLastChild(): PsiElement

`getLastParentOfTypeInRow`¶

inline fun <reified T : PsiElement> PsiElement.getLastParentOfTypeInRow(): T?

Returns the outermost element in an uninterrupted chain of ancestors of type T, or null if the parent is not a T.

`getLastParentOfTypeInRowWithSelf`¶

inline fun <reified T : PsiElement> PsiElement.getLastParentOfTypeInRowWithSelf(): T?

Like getLastParentOfTypeInRow, but the chain may start at this element itself.

`getManager`¶

abstract fun getManager(): PsiManager

getModificationStamp¶

fun KtElement.getModificationStamp(): Long

Returns the modification stamp of the nearest enclosing element that tracks one (a file, a stub-based declaration, or a supertype list). The stamp changes whenever that element's subtree is modified, so it can be used to invalidate caches keyed on this element.

`getName`¶

abstract fun getName(): @Nullable String

`getNavigationElement`¶

abstract fun getNavigationElement(): PsiElement

`getNextSibling`¶

abstract fun getNextSibling(): PsiElement

`getNextSiblingIgnoringWhitespace`¶

fun PsiElement.getNextSiblingIgnoringWhitespace(withItself: Boolean = false): PsiElement?

Returns the next sibling that is not whitespace, or null. Considers this element if withItself.

`getNextSiblingIgnoringWhitespaceAndComments`¶

fun PsiElement.getNextSiblingIgnoringWhitespaceAndComments(withItself: Boolean = false): PsiElement?

Returns the next sibling that is neither whitespace nor a comment, or null. Considers this element if withItself.

`getNode`¶

abstract fun getNode(): ASTNode

`getNonStrictParentOfType`¶

inline fun <reified T : PsiElement> PsiElement.getNonStrictParentOfType(): T?

Returns the nearest ancestor of type T including this element, or null if there is none.

fun <T : PsiElement> PsiElement.getNonStrictParentOfType(parentClass: Class<T>): T?

Returns the nearest ancestor of type T (including this element), or null if there is none.

`getOriginalElement`¶

abstract fun getOriginalElement(): PsiElement

`getOutermostParentContainedIn`¶

tailrec fun PsiElement.getOutermostParentContainedIn(container: PsiElement): PsiElement?

Returns the outermost element on the path from this element that is still strictly contained in container, or null.

`getOwnDeclarations`¶

open fun getOwnDeclarations(): @NotNull Collection<out @NotNull PsiSymbolDeclaration>

`getOwnReferences`¶

open fun getOwnReferences(): @NotNull Collection<out @NotNull PsiSymbolReference>

`getParent`¶

abstract fun getParent(): PsiElement

abstract fun getParent(): PsiElement

Returns parent source element.

`getParentOfType`¶

inline fun <reified T : PsiElement> PsiElement.getParentOfType(strict: Boolean): T?

Returns the nearest ancestor of type T, or null. When strict is false, this element itself is also considered.

inline fun <reified T : PsiElement> PsiElement.getParentOfType(strict: Boolean, vararg stopAt: Class<out PsiElement>): T?

Returns the nearest ancestor of type T, stopping the search once an ancestor of any type in stopAt is reached, or null. When strict is false, this element itself is also considered.

`getParentOfTypeAndBranch`¶

inline fun <reified T : PsiElement> PsiElement.getParentOfTypeAndBranch(strict: Boolean = false, noinline branch: T.() -> PsiElement?): T?

Checks the nearest element of type T and returns it if this element lies within the subtree selected by branch. If that candidate's branch does not contain this element, returns null without checking higher ancestors. When strict is false, this element itself is also considered as the candidate.

`getParentOfTypeAndBranches`¶

inline fun <reified T : PsiElement> PsiElement.getParentOfTypeAndBranches(strict: Boolean = false, noinline branches: T.() -> Iterable<PsiElement?>): T?

Checks the nearest element of type T and returns it if this element lies within any subtree selected by branches. If none of that candidate's branches contain this element, returns null without checking higher ancestors. When strict is false, this element itself is also considered as the candidate.

`getParentOfTypes`¶

fun <T : PsiElement> PsiElement.getParentOfTypes(strict: Boolean = false, vararg parentClasses: Class<out T>): T?

Returns the nearest ancestor that is an instance of one of parentClasses, or null if there is none. When strict is false, this element itself is also considered.

`getParentOfTypes2`¶

inline fun <reified T : PsiElement, reified V : PsiElement> PsiElement.getParentOfTypes2(): PsiElement?

Returns the nearest strict ancestor that is a T or V, or null if there is none.

`getParentOfTypes3`¶

inline fun <reified T : PsiElement, reified V : PsiElement, reified U : PsiElement> PsiElement.getParentOfTypes3(): PsiElement?

Returns the nearest strict ancestor that is a T, V, or U, or null if there is none.

`getParentOfTypesAndPredicate`¶

fun <T : PsiElement> PsiElement.getParentOfTypesAndPredicate(
    strict: Boolean = false, 
    vararg parentClasses: Class<out T>, 
    predicate: (T) -> Boolean
): T?

Returns the nearest ancestor that is an instance of one of parentClasses and satisfies predicate, or null. When parentClasses is empty, any type matches. When strict is false, this element itself is also considered.

`getPresentation`¶

abstract fun getPresentation(): @Nullable ItemPresentation

`getPrevSibling`¶

abstract fun getPrevSibling(): PsiElement

`getPrevSiblingIgnoringWhitespace`¶

fun PsiElement.getPrevSiblingIgnoringWhitespace(withItself: Boolean = false): PsiElement?

Returns the previous sibling that is not whitespace, or null. Considers this element if withItself.

`getPrevSiblingIgnoringWhitespaceAndComments`¶

fun PsiElement.getPrevSiblingIgnoringWhitespaceAndComments(withItself: Boolean = false): PsiElement?

Returns the previous sibling that is neither whitespace nor a comment, or null. Considers this element if withItself.

`getProject`¶

abstract fun getProject(): @NotNull Project

getPsiOrParent¶

@NotNull
abstract fun getPsiOrParent(): KtElement

Returns this or parent source element (for synthetic element declarations). Use it only for the purposes of source attribution.

`getQualifiedElementSelector`¶

fun KtElement.getQualifiedElementSelector(): KtElement?

Returns the rightmost selector of this qualified element, or null if there is no such selector.

`getQualifiedExpressionForSelector`¶

fun KtElement.getQualifiedExpressionForSelector(): KtQualifiedExpression?

Returns the qualified expression in which this element is the selector, or null if it is not a selector.

`getReference`¶

abstract fun getReference(): @Nullable PsiReference

abstract fun getReference(): PsiReference

`getReferences`¶

abstract fun getReferences(): @NotNull Array<PsiReference>

`getResolveScope`¶

abstract fun getResolveScope(): @NotNull GlobalSearchScope

`getStartOffsetIn`¶

fun PsiElement.getStartOffsetIn(ancestor: PsiElement): Int

Returns the offset of this element relative to the start of ancestor (which must be an ancestor of this element).

`getStartOffsetInParent`¶

abstract fun getStartOffsetInParent(): Int

`getStrictParentOfType`¶

inline fun <reified T : PsiElement> PsiElement.getStrictParentOfType(): T?

Returns the nearest strict ancestor of type T, or null if there is none.

`getText`¶

abstract fun getText(): String

`getTextLength`¶

abstract fun getTextLength(): Int

`getTextOffset`¶

abstract fun getTextOffset(): Int

`getTextRange`¶

abstract fun getTextRange(): TextRange

`getTextRangeInParent`¶

open fun getTextRangeInParent(): @NotNull TextRange

`getTextWithLocation`¶

fun PsiElement.getTextWithLocation(): String

Returns this element's text together with its source location, for use in diagnostics and log messages.

`getTopmostParentOfType`¶

inline fun <reified T : PsiElement> PsiElement.getTopmostParentOfType(): T?

Returns the outermost ancestor of type T including this element, or null if there is none.

getTypeArgumentList¶

@Nullable
abstract fun getTypeArgumentList(): KtTypeArgumentList

Returns the angle-bracketed type argument list, or null if no type arguments are specified.

getTypeArguments¶

@NotNull
abstract fun getTypeArguments(): List<KtTypeProjection>

Returns the explicitly written type arguments, or an empty list if none are specified (in which case they are inferred).

`getUserData`¶

abstract fun <T> getUserData(p: @NotNull Key<T>): @Nullable T

`getUseScope`¶

abstract fun getUseScope(): @NotNull SearchScope

getValueArgumentList¶

@Nullable
abstract fun getValueArgumentList(): KtValueArgumentList

Returns the parenthesized argument list, or null if the call has no parentheses (for example, a call with only a trailing lambda).

getValueArguments¶

@NotNull
abstract fun getValueArguments(): List<out ValueArgument>

Returns all value arguments of the call, including both parenthesized arguments and trailing lambda arguments. Returns an empty list if there are none.

`isAncestor`¶

fun PsiElement?.isAncestor(element: PsiElement, strict: Boolean = false): Boolean

Returns true if this element is an ancestor of element. When strict is false, an element is its own ancestor.

`isContextualDeclaration`¶

fun KtElement.isContextualDeclaration(): Boolean

Returns true if this callable, class, or object declares at least one legacy context receiver. Named context parameters are ignored.

`isEquivalentTo`¶

abstract fun isEquivalentTo(p: PsiElement): Boolean

`isExtensionDeclaration`¶

fun PsiElement.isExtensionDeclaration(): Boolean

Returns true if this element is an extension function or property (that is, it declares a receiver).

`isFirstStatement`¶

fun KtElement.isFirstStatement(): Boolean

Returns true if this element is the first statement of its enclosing block.

`isFunctionalExpression`¶

fun PsiElement.isFunctionalExpression(): Boolean

Returns true if this element is an anonymous function, such as the fun expression in val predicate = fun(x: Int): Boolean = x > 0.

`isInsideOf`¶

fun PsiElement.isInsideOf(elements: Iterable<PsiElement>): Boolean

Returns true if this element lies within, or is equal to, any of the given elements.

`isPhysical`¶

abstract fun isPhysical(): Boolean

`isTopLevelKtOrJavaMember`¶

fun PsiElement.isTopLevelKtOrJavaMember(): Boolean

Returns true if this element is a top-level member of a Kotlin file or a top-level Java class.

`isValid`¶

abstract fun isValid(): Boolean

`isWritable`¶

abstract fun isWritable(): Boolean

`navigate`¶

open fun navigate(requestFocus: Boolean)

`navigationRequest`¶

open fun navigationRequest(): NavigationRequest

`nextLeaf`¶

fun PsiElement.nextLeaf(skipEmptyElements: Boolean = false): PsiElement?

Returns the next leaf element in the tree, or null if there is none. Empty leaves are skipped if skipEmptyElements.

fun PsiElement.nextLeaf(filter: (PsiElement) -> Boolean): PsiElement?

Returns the nearest following leaf that satisfies filter, or null if there is none.

`nonStaticOuterClasses`¶

fun KtElement.nonStaticOuterClasses(): Sequence<KtClass>

Returns the enclosing classes that this element can access an outer instance of, from innermost to outermost.

`parameterIndex`¶

fun PsiElement.parameterIndex(): Int

Returns the index of this parameter within its own parameter list (Kotlin or Java), or -1 if it is not a parameter.

`prevLeaf`¶

fun PsiElement.prevLeaf(skipEmptyElements: Boolean = false): PsiElement?

Returns the previous leaf element in the tree, or null if there is none. Empty leaves are skipped if skipEmptyElements.

fun PsiElement.prevLeaf(filter: (PsiElement) -> Boolean): PsiElement?

Returns the nearest preceding leaf that satisfies filter, or null if there is none.

`processDeclarations`¶

abstract fun processDeclarations(
    p: @NotNull PsiScopeProcessor, 
    p1: @NotNull ResolveState, 
    p2: @Nullable PsiElement, 
    p3: @NotNull PsiElement
): Boolean

`putCopyableUserData`¶

abstract fun <T> putCopyableUserData(p: @NotNull Key<T>, p1: @Nullable T)

`putUserData`¶

abstract fun <T> putUserData(p: @NotNull Key<T>, p1: @Nullable T)

rawDelete¶

abstract fun rawDelete()

Deletes this PSI element using the raw platform implementation, bypassing Kotlin PSI-specific delete overrides.

Regular clients should use delete instead. When KtPsiMutationService is not registered, it performs the same plain deletion, and when the service is registered, as in the IntelliJ Kotlin plugin, it may also adjust the surrounding code, e.g., delete a semicolon that follows the element.

`replace`¶

abstract fun replace(p: @NotNull PsiElement): PsiElement

`siblings`¶

fun PsiElement.siblings(forward: Boolean = true, withItself: Boolean = true): Sequence<PsiElement>

Returns the siblings of this element as a lazy sequence, going forward (or backward) and optionally including the element itself (withItself).

`startsWithComment`¶

fun PsiElement.startsWithComment(): Boolean

Returns true if this element's first child is a comment.

`textContains`¶

abstract fun textContains(p: Char): Boolean

`textMatches`¶

abstract fun textMatches(p: @NotNull @NonNls CharSequence): Boolean

`textToCharArray`¶

abstract fun textToCharArray(): @NotNull Array<Char>

`toString`¶

abstract fun toString(): @NonNls String

`unwrapParenthesesLabelsAndAnnotations`¶

fun PsiElement?.unwrapParenthesesLabelsAndAnnotations(): PsiElement?

Recursively unwraps this element while it is a parenthesized, labeled, or annotated expression, returning the innermost base element. A non-wrapper element is returned unchanged.

`unwrapParenthesesLabelsAndAnnotationsDeeply`¶

fun PsiElement.unwrapParenthesesLabelsAndAnnotationsDeeply(): PsiElement

Walks up through immediately enclosing parentheses, labels, and annotations, returning the first parent outside that wrapper chain.